Ibn Sīnā (Avicenna) states in one of his works: “Know that a body, when left in its natural state and unaffected by any external force, inevitably remains in its specific position and condition...” [1].
This statement aligns closely with the concept of inertia, which is the foundation of Newton's first law of motion: the tendency of an object to remain at rest or in uniform motion unless acted upon by an external force. Over seven centuries before Newton, Abu Ali Sina, the Persian scholar, had articulated this principle, laying the groundwork for a deeper understanding of motion and physical laws.
The philosopher, theologian, and Quranic commentator, Imam Fakhr al-Din al-Razi of Iran, also expanded upon this theory.
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